Table 3 The biological characteristics of stem cell-derived exosomes in experimental CRC and UC
Source of exosome | Biological characteristics in the CRC model (References) | Biological characteristics in the UC model (References) | |
|---|---|---|---|
UC-MSCs | Tumor-suppressive exosomes | Suppressing invasion and the EMT of CRC cells Inhibiting the tumor growth and metastasis [72] | Homing to the inflammatory site of the colon tissue Inhibiting the macrophages infiltration to the inflamed colon Inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators Regulating macrophage pyroptosis |
Tumorigenic Exosomes | NP | ||
AD-MSCs | Tumor-suppressive exosomes | NP | Homing to the inflammatory site of the colorectal tissue Inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and colonic inflammation Preventing alterations of colon length and crypt loss Preventing rectal bleeding Reducing histological scores of DAI [68] |
Tumorigenic Exosomes | NP | ||
BM-MSCs | Tumor-suppressive exosomes | Suppressing proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells Inducing the apoptosis of CRC cells Repressing the tumor growth and progression Reducing inflammation in the tumor microenvironment [77, 79, 82, 83, 119] | Inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration Restoring epithelial ulceration and aberrant crypt architecture Reducing histological scores of DAI [70] |
Tumorigenic Exosomes | Enhancing proliferation, migration, and colony formation of CRC cells Inducing progression of CRC Increasing the population of CSCs in CRC cells [96, 97, 101] | ||
OE-MSCs | Tumor-suppressive exosomes | NP | Increasing the colon length Inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and colonic inflammation Reducing colon shortening and crypt loss Reducing histological scores of DAI [71] |
Tumorigenic Exosomes | NP | ||