Fig. 2
From: Hurdles to breakthrough in CAR T cell therapy of solid tumors
A schematic representation of various strategies for immune checkpoint blockade combined with CAR T cell therapy. a Immune checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies, b Local inhibition of immune checkpoint molecules by genetically engineered CAR T cells to (1) express the dominant-negative receptor, (2) secrete blocking scFv, and (3) interfere intracellular signaling via disruption of gene expression