Hurdles to breakthrough in CAR T cell therapy of solid tumors

Table 3 Summary of preclinical reports based on manufacture of next generations CAR T cells using genome editing technologies

Cancer	Study type	Target locus	Tool	CAR	Reference
Liver cancer	In vitro	TGFβRII	CRISPR/Cas9	Mesothelin	[179]
Ovarian cancer	In vivo
Leukemia	In vivo	TRAC	CRISPR/Cas9	CD19	[187]
Leukemia	In vitro	TRAC	TALEN	CD19	[188, 189]
	In vivo
Myeloma	In vitro	CD20	TALEN	BCMA	[190]
	In vivo
Leukemia	In vitro	GM-CSF	CRISPR/Cas9	CD19	[178]
	In vivo
Leukemia	In vitro	TRAC	CRISPR/Cas9	CD7	[191]
	In vivo
Lymphoma	In vitro	TRAC	TALEN	CD22	[192]
	In vivo	PD-1
Leukemia	In vitro	TRAC	CRISPR/Cas9	CD22	[193]
		PD-1
Leukemia	In vitro	TRAC	TALEN	CD3	[194]
	In vivo
Leukemia	In vitro	TRAC	TALEN	CD20	[195]
		PD-1
Leukemia	In vivo	LAG-3	CRISPR/Cas9	CD19	[135]
Prostate cancer	In vivo	TRAC	CRISPR/Cas9	PSCA	[134]
		B2M
		PD1
Lymphoma	In vitro	GM-CSF	TALEN	CD22	[196]
Glioma	In vitro	PD-1	CRISPR/Cas9	EGFRvIII	[197]
Glioma	In vitro	PD-1	CRISPR/Cas9	CD133	[198]
	In vivo
Leukemia	In vitro	TRAC	ZFN	CD19	[199]
Glioma	In vitro	DGK	CRISPR/Cas9	EGFRvIII	[200]
	In vivo
Prostate cancer	In vivo	TRAC	CRISPR/Cas9	PSCA	[134]
		B2M
		PD1
Leukemia	In vitro	TRAC	CRISPR/Cas9	BCMA	[174]
				CD10

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), B-cell lymphoma (BCL), Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFR vIII), Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), Transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFβRII), T cell receptor alpha constant (TRAC), Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1 or PD1), Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

ISSN: 1757-6512