Table 2 Using stem cells exosomes in a variety of studies
Disease | Source of exosomes | Experiment | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ischemia | BM-MSCs | Exo lamp2 protein fused with rabies virus glycoprotein for delivering miR-124 to promote neurogenesis following ischemia | Successful delivering of miR-124 to infarct site Inducing neuronal features in cortical neural progenitors Promoting neurogenesis | [153] |
Huntington’s disease | HEK 293 cell line | Delivering miR-124 by Exo for studying on Huntington’s disease treatment | The decreasing expression of RE1-silencing transcription factor | [154] |
Gliomas | BM-MSCs | Using Exo for delivering miR-124a to the treatment of gliomas | Decreasing viability and clonogenicity of glioma stem cells Increasing animal’s lifespan | [155] |
Cancer | BM-MSCs | Delivering LNA (locked nucleic acid)-modified anti-miR-142-3p oligonucleotides to inhibit miR-142-3p and miR-150 expression in breast cancer cell line and mice carrying tumor | Increasing apoptosis and cytotoxicity in vitro Penetrating tumor’s barrier in vivo Decrease in tumor size and growth in vivo | [156] |
Cancer | Human umbilical cord MSCs | Delivering miR-139-5p by Exo to bladder cancer cells for controlling tumorigenesis | Suppressing PRC1 expression in cancer cells and decreasing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion Decreasing the tumorigenic activity of bladder cancer cells in vitro | [157] |
Cancer | HEK293T cell line | Delivering miR-204-5p by Exo and analyzing the tumor growth and chemoresistance | Increasing apoptosis Decreasing cancer cells resistance against chemotherapy drug Decreasing tumor growth | [158] |
Cancer | Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) | Investigating the underlying mechanism for the effect of AFSCs on chemotherapy (CTx)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in woman | Exo shows anti-apoptotic features AFSCs derived Exo containing miR-10 showed preservative attitude in ovarian follicles after CTx treatment in mice | [159] |
Myocardial infarction | BM-MSCs | Administrating BMSCs and BMSCs-derived Exo on myocardial infarction animal models for analyzing the function of the heart | Increasing cardiac function after injury Increasing neovascularization and myocyte survival post-injury Decreasing inflammation Decreasing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo | [160] |
Myocardial infarction | BM-MSCs | Investigating role of Exo containing miR-25-3p in cardioprotective effects against myocardial infraction | Decrease in apoptosis rate by suppression of pro-apoptotic genes Activation of suppressed cardioprotective gene eNOS and anti-inflammatory genes | Â |
Spinal cord Injury | BM-MSCs | Using intranasally Exo loaded with phosphatase and tensin homolog siRNA (ExoPTEN) to entirely alleviate spinal cord injury | Successful migration of Exo from BBB and migrate to the spinal cord Decreasing PTEN expression in the injured spinal cord area Increasing axonal growth and neovascularization Decreasing microgliosis and astrogliosis | [161] |
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head | BM-MSCs | Using siRNAs-encapsulated for analyzing its repairing effect | Increasing angiogenesis and repairing | [162] |
Acute lung injury | IPSCs | Using Exo loaded with Exo to inhibit intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and neutrophils-endothelium (PMN-EC) adhesion | Inhibiting ICAM-1 protein synthesis Inhibiting expression of ICAM-1 surface Inhibiting PMN-EC adhesion | [163] |