Table 3 Studies about the role of stem cells derived Exo on fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis

Human umbilical cord MSCs

Using 3D cultured umbilical cord MSCs-derived Exo to treat silicosis induced lung fibrosis

Decreasing collagen I (COL1A1) and fibronectin (FN) expression

-Increasing FEV0.1 amount

[164]

Renal fibrosis

BM-MSCs

Transferring miR-let7c via BM-MSCs-derived Exo to alleviate renal fibrosis

Decreasing in collagen IVα1, TGF-β1, and α-SMA expression

[165]

Liver fibrosis

BM-MSCs

Investigating the underlying mechanism for treating potential of BM-MSCs-derived Exo on liver fibrosis

Decreasing collagen aggregation and inflammation

Improve the function of the liver

Increase hepatocyte regeneration

Responsible mechanism for the healing effect of Exo is the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

[166]

Renal fibrosis

Human umbilical cord MSCs

Investigating about repairing role of Exo though governing Yes-associated protein (YAP)

Decreasing renal fibrosis via regulating CK1δ/β-TRCP inhibited YAP activity

[167]

Cystic Fibrosis

Lung MSCs

Using lung MSCs-derived Exo to treating inflammation in cystic fibrosis

Decreasing in IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 expression

Increasing the mRNA expression of PPARγ controlling NF-kB mechanism

Reducing NF-kB nuclear translocation

[168]

Cystic fibrosis

BM-MSCs

Using BM-MSCs-derived Exo containing zinc finger protein to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) performance

Increasing in CFTR transcription

[169]

Hypertrophic scar (HS) fibrosis

Adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs)

Studying about the effect of AD-MSCs-derived Exo in HS and its related mechanism

Suppressing proliferation and migration of HS-derived fibroblasts

A decreasing expression of col 1, col 3, and α-SMA expression

Increasing wound healing ratio

[170]