Fig. 6

MiR-451a, a highly expressed miRNA in ADSC-Exos, promotes macrophage M1 to M2 polarization. A Through miRNA microarray analysis, we obtained the top 20 differentially expressed miRNAs in ADSC-Exos. Red indicates high expression and blue indicates low expression. B Macrophages were transfected with the miR-451a-mimic, miR-451a-inhibitor, miR-451a-mimic-NC, and miR-451a-inhibitor-NC; miR-451a levels were determined by RT-qPCR. C miR-451a expression in ADSC-Exo-treated macrophages was detected by RT-qPCR. D miR-451a expression in exosomes released from GNPs treated macrophages was detected by RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. E The protein levels of the M1 macrophage marker CD86 and the M2 macrophage marker CD206 were analysed by western blotting. F mRNA expression of M1-macrophage markers and M2-macrophage markers was detected by RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Data with P values < 0.05 were considered significant. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.001. All data are expressed as the mean ± SEM