Table 3 Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived molecules (e.g., exosome) in liver failure preclinical models, especially acute liver failure (ALF)
Sources | Model | Intervention | Result (ref) |
|---|---|---|---|
Umbilical cord | Mice | MSCs-exosome | GPX1 enriched exosomes diminished oxidative stress and also apoptosis [105] |
Placenta | Rat | MSCs-exosome | CRP enriched exosome provoked angiogenesis by up-regulation of Wnt signaling axis [149] |
Bone marrow | Rat | MSCs-exosome | Stimulation of hepatoprotective impacts by exosome-rich fractionated secretome [150] |
Bone marrow | Mice | MSCs-exosome | Suppression of NLRP3 in macrophage and thereby reducing ALF by TNF-É‘ pretreated exosome [107] |
Menstrual blood | Mice | MSCs-exosome | Liver function recovery, improved survival rates, and suppressed hepatocellular apoptosis [151] |
Umbilical cord | Mice | MSCs-extracellular vesicles | Inhibition of T cell activation in liver tissue following reserve of CD154 expression [147] |
Bone marrow | Mice | MSCs-conditioned medium | Promoting hepatocyte proliferation, inhibition of their apoptosis, hindrance of the infiltration of macrophages, improving Th2/Th1 ratio, and enabling hepatic stellate cell (HSC) loss [157] |
Bone marrow | Rat | MSCs-conditioned medium | Marked attenuation of panlobular immune cells infiltrates and also hepatocellular apoptosis [210] |
ESCs-MSCs | Mice | MSCs-conditioned medium | Supporting hepatocytes growth by VEGF enriched conditioned medium [156] |
Bone marrow | Mice | MSCs-exosome | Attenuation of liver inflammation by exosomal miR-20a-5p/intracellular CXCL8 axis [146] |
Bone marrow | Rat | MSCs-conditioned medium | Reduced hepatocyte apoptosis [154] |
Bone marrow | Rat | MSCs-conditioned medium | Improving the hepatoprotective impacts of the conditioned medium by SMGO potently elicited through inhibition of inflammation and loss of hepatocytes [155] |
Amniotic fluid | Mice | MSCs-conditioned medium | Hepatic progenitor-like (HPL)-CM showed superiority over amniotic fluid-MSCs in terms of liver recovery [158] |