Application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases

Table 1 Application of exosomes in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases

Diseases	Source	Molecules	Mechanism	Years	Ref
AP	Plasma	S100A8 S100A9	Triggered NFκB activation, TNFα	2022	[33]
	PAAF Plasma	miR	High pro-inflammatory activity on macrophages	2019	[34]
CP	Plasma	miR	High exosomal levels of miRNA-10b, miR-21, miR-30c, and miR-181a, and low levels of miR-let7a	2017	[22]
PaCa	Serum	Protein miR	Excellent sensitivity for PaCa versus CP	2015	[39]
	PSC	miR	Stimulated the proliferation, migration, and expression of miRNAs for chemokine ligands	2017	[41]
Diabetes	Urine	Protein	AQP5 and AQP2 were used to classify the clinical stages of diabetic nephropathy	2017	[51]
	Urine	miR	miR-145 may represent a novel biomarker for diabetic complications	2013	[52]

AP acute pancreatitis, CP chronic pancreatitis, PaCa pancreatic cancer, PAAF pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid, PSC pancreatic stellate cell

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