Table 2 Application of exosomes in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases
From: Application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases
Mechanisms | Diseases | Main research contents | Model | Method of administration | Years | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apoptosis | AP | Regulate inflammatory cytokines; reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells; reduce the necrosis of acinar cells; the NF-κB signaling pathway | The activation of AR42J pancreatic acinar cells was induced by taurolithocholate treatment | Co-culture | 2016 | [56] |
|  | Diabetes | Inhibit the apoptosis of rats β cells; alleviate the condition of T2DM | The rat model of T2DM using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) | Intravenous injection | 2018 | [57] |
| Â | PaCa | As miRNA loaders; Inhibit the proliferation or invasion of PDAC; increase apoptosis and cell cycle arrest | PDAC cells | Co-culture | 2019 | |
| Â | Â | Â | Panc28 cancer cells and the xenograft nude mice model | Co-culture and intravenous injection | 2020 | Â |
Immune regulation | Diabetes | Increase the number of the regulatory T cells; improve autoimmune T1DM; No effect on lymphocyte proliferation index | Streptozotocin-induced of the type-1 diabetes mellitus | Intraperitoneal injections | 2018 | [70] |
Angiogenesis | PaCa | Downregulation/upregulation of CCAT1 from exosomes derived from PANC-1 cells; reduce/enhance the angiogenesis ability of HUVECs in vivo and in vitro | PC cells (PANC-1) | Co-culture | 2021 | [80] |
| Â | Â | Overexpression of miR-138-5p; upregulated CCAT1 expression; regulation of angiogenesis | Â | Â | 2021 | [80] |
Cell migration and proliferation | PaCa | Promote the growth of Panc-1 and BxPC3 cells; increase the growth of Panc-1 cells in xenograft tumor models | Nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously on both flanks with human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells | Administered via intratumoral injection | 2021 | [87] |
| Â | Diabetes | Enter fibroblasts, promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts | 8-week-old Balb/c male mice were used to prepare a diabetic model | Injected into the dermis | 2020 | [88] |