Fig. 2
From: Chemically defined and small molecules-based generation of sinoatrial node-like cells
Optimization of the concentration and timing of three small molecule chemicals to enrich SANLCs differentiation. a Scheme of the protocol to test the optimal concentration of three small molecule chemicals. b Relative expression of SHOX2, TBX18, HCN4, and TNNT2 mRNA at day 24 when treated with PD, CHIR, and BMS. Values represent expression relative to the housekeeping gene GAPDH. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus untreated control or indicated sample (n = 4). c Heatmap shows expression changes of genes related to SAN in induced cells at days 24 following treatment with 0.96 μM PD, 5 μM CHIR, and 5 μM BMS, respectively. d Schematic diagram indicating the timing of PD, CHIR, and BMS. e RT-PCR analysis of the expression of pacemaker transcription factor SHOX2. Values represent expression relative to the housekeeping gene GAPDH. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus untreated control or indicated sample (n = 4). All error bars represent the SD of four independent experiments. CHIR, CHIR99021; BMS, BMS-189453; PD, PD173074