Table 2 Stem cell sources for smooth muscle bioengineering and clinical applications
From: Adult stem cell sources for skeletal and smooth muscle tissue engineering
Stem cell | Origin | Differentiation capabilities | Lineage specific markers | Clinical applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ADSCs | Adipose tissue | SMC, urothelium and nerve tissue regeneration | CD105+, CD73+, CD44+, CD29+, CD90+, CD45−, CD34- | – |
Endometrial and menstrual blood derived stem cells | Endometrium and menstrual blood | Support urothelial cell growth in vitro | CD90, CD105, CD146 and Oct-4 | – |
USCs | Urine | SMC differentiation | CD90+, CD105+, CD44+ | – |