Fig. 1
From: Epigenetic therapy targeting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for age-related bone diseases
Epigenetic therapies for BMSC aging in age-related bone diseases. Epigenetic regulation for BMSC aging entails DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and RNA modification, and therapeutic interventions for age-related bone diseases are various. Some epi-drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used in clinics extensively, and others are in the experimental stage. There are also potential therapeutic interventions using epi-drugs to enhance therapeutic effects, which still have a long way to go before being clinically utilized. Such therapeutic interventions include genetic editing therapy involving CRISPR-Cas9, viral vectors, and exosome vectors, and adjuvant therapy including static magnetic fields (SMFs), nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs), hypoxic preconditioning (HPC), and mechanical signal by carriers.