Fig. 8

HUCDMSCs therapy suppressed inflammation and augmented angiogenesis factors in kidney parenchyma by day 60 after DKD induction. A Protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡), p < 0.0001. B Protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡), p < 0.0001. C Protein expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor (p-NF)-κB, * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. D Protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. E Protein expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF), * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡), p < 0.0001. F Protein expression of CD31, * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡), p < 0.0001. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 6 for each group). Symbols (*, †, ‡, §) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). SC = sham-operated control; DKD = diabetic kidney disease; HUCDMSC^Low = human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell of lower dose (2.1 × 10⁵ cells); HUCDMSC^High = human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell of higher dose (6.3 × 10⁵ cells)