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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Dextran sulfate prevents excess aggregation of human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture by inhibiting ICAM1 expression coupled with down-regulating E-cadherin through activating the Wnt signaling pathway

Fig. 1

The effect of DS on H9 aggregate sizes and further integrated hepatic differentiation in 3D suspension culture conditions. A Representative images of the H9 aggregates on day 5 after treatment with 100 μg/ml DS. Scale bar = 200 μm. B Comparison of average diameter of the H9 aggregates on day 5. C Diameter distribution of the H9 aggregates treated with or without DS on day 5. D Comparison of the cell numbers after 5 days of culture. E Representative images of hepatic spheres on day 15 after hepatic differentiation induction, the morphology of hepatic spheres in the control group was big and hollow, and it was relatively small and dense in DS group. Scale bar = 200 μm. F Comparison of average diameter of the hepatic aggregates from control and DS group at day 21 of hepatic differentiation. G Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR for hepatic marker genes AFP, ALB, HNF4A, and A1AT from different treatment on the H9 aggregates. (H) Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR for CYP450 including CYP3A4, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C9, and CYP2E1. Relative gene expression represents data normalized to GADPH and expressed relative to undifferentiated H9. Data represent the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. Abbreviations: AFP, α-fetoprotein; ALB, albumin; HNF4A, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; A1AT, alpha-1 antitrypsin; CYP, cytochrome P450 family

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