Table 2 The proposed molecular mechanism of the protective effect of MSCs for intestinal IRI
References | Mechanism | Effect |
|---|---|---|
AMI et al. [18] | Oxidative stress, inflammation, and proliferation | Decreased intestinal MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, MPO, MIP-2; increased intestinal EP3, IL-1Ra, PCNA |
Chang et al. [4] | Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation | Decreased intestinal NOX-1, NOX-2, TNF-α, MPO, NF-κB, MMP-9, iNOS, Bax, caspase-3, PCNA; increased intestinal NQO-1, GR, GPx, HO-1 |
Fukuda et al. [19] | Inflammation; intestinal barrier function | Decreased plasma IL-6; increased plasma IL-10 |
Gao et al. [20] | Oxidative stress | Decreased intestinal MDA; increased intestinal SOD |
Geng et al. [21] | Inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and proliferation | Decreased intestinal NF-κB, serum TNF-α, IL-6; increased intestinal SDF-1, CXCR-4, EGF, EGFR |
Jensena et al. [22] | Inflammation and tight junction | Decreased intestinal GCSF; increased claudin-1 |
Jensenb et al. [23] | Inflammation | Decreased intestinal IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-2α, and IP-10 |
Jensen et al. [24] | Unclear | Improved histologic mucosal injury |
Jiang et al. [25] | Intestinal barrier function | Decreased serum D-Lactate, urine Lactulose/Mannitol ratio, and incidence of enteric bacterial translocation |
Jiang et al. [26] | Inflammation and proliferation | Decreased intestinal TNF-α, NF-κB; increased intestinal PCNA; induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 |
Kong et al. [27] | Inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and pyroptosis | Seemed to decrease serum DAO, D-Lactate, IL-1β, intestinal IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6; seemed to inhibit pyroptosis (NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-18) |
Liu and Li [28] | Inflammation, intestinal barrier function and tight junction | Decreased serum DAO, D-Lactate, TNF-α; increased ZO-1 |
Liu et al. [29] | Inflammation and apoptosis | Decreased intestinal MPO, TNF-α, IL-6; inhibited phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65, ERK, AKT; activated COX-2-PGE2 signaling |
Markel et al. [30] | Inflammation | Decreased intestinal sALK-1, betacellulin, endothelin; increased intestinal Eotaxin, MIG, MCP-1, IP-10 |
Oliveira et al. [31] | Inflammation | Decreased intestinal polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells; improved histologic mucosal injury |
Shen et al. [32] | Intestinal barrier function and tight junction | Decreased serum DAO, D-Lactate, TNF-α; increased ZO-1 |
Watkins et al. [33] | Unclear | Improved histologic mucosal injury |
Yan et al. [34] | Inflammation and intestinal barrier function | Decreased serum IL-6 |