Fig. 7

Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. a Photographs of CAMs after treatment with ASC sheets or ASC spheroid sheets, which were loaded in the center of the power field. After 72 h of incubation, CAMs were excised and photographed (scale bar = 2 mm). b Blood vessel formation on CAMs was quantified by measuring the area covered by capillaries and counting the number of blood vessel branch points. c Immunohistochemical staining of endothelial marker CD31 in the CAM sections (scale bar = 50 μm). The ratio of CD31-positive area was significantly larger in the group of ASC spheroid sheet relative to the control. (n = 4; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005 compared to the control; ^#p < 0.05 between the indicated groups)