Fig. 4

XBP1s repression is crucial for the anti-inflammatory effect of MSCs in APAP-induced liver injury. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs; 5 × 10⁶ cells/mouse) were transfected with lentivirus expressing XBP1s (Lv-XBP1s) or GFP control (Lv-GFP) and adoptively transferred into JAG1-MSC-treated mice 24 h prior to APAP injection. A Representative histological staining (H&E) of liver tissue (n = 5 mice/group) and percent of necrotic area. Scale bars: 100 μm. B Hepatocellular function, as assessed by serum ALT levels (IU/L) (n = 5 mice/group). C, D Immunohistochemistry staining and quantification of F4/80⁺ macrophages and Ly6G⁺ neutrophils in livers (n = 5 mice/group). Scale bars: 50 μm. E Quantitative RT-PCR-assisted detection of TNF-α, Il-6, Il-1β, Mcp-1 and Cxcl-1 expression. F Western blot analysis of NLRP3, ASC and C-caspase-1 expression in liver tissues. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01