Fig. 3

Schematic illustration of the current experimental design and Immunofluorescence imaging for endogenous neurogenesis (A–D). IF imaging and semi-quantitative analysis of BrdU/Nestin positive cells one day after the last BrdU injection (A–B). The percent of double-labeled BrdU/Nestin positive cells was reduced significantly in the AD + Vehicle group compared to the control and other groups. Compared to the NTF-SC CM group, direct injection of NTF-SC transplantation had the superiority to increase the percent of double-labeled BrdU/Nestin positive cells in the hippocampus of mice subjected to AD-like conditions. IF imaging and semi-quantitative analysis of BrdU/NeuN positive cells 35 days after the last BrdU injection (C–D). According to our data, the percent of double-labeled BrdU/Nestin positive cells was reduced significantly in the AD + Vehicle group compared to the control and other groups. The injection of NTF-SC increased the percent of double-labeled BrdU/ NeuN positive cells more than that of the NTF-SC CM group. These data represent the enhanced proliferation and neurogenesis of endogenous NSCs in groups that received NTF-SCs one and 35 days after the last BrdU injection in comparison with the AD + vehicle group. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; and ****p < 0.0001