Fig. 2

FbMSC transplantation improved learning and cognitive ability in TBI mice. a Experimental schedule. FbMSCs were transplanted immediately after TBI (D0). All mice underwent behavioral tests at the indicated days. b Schematic of beam walk test (left) and latency to cross the beam (right). c–f Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and cognitive ability of mice. Typical escape route map (c), learning curve (d), escape latency (e), and movement speed (f) of each group were displayed. Total distance (g) and mean speed (h) of each group in the open field test. i Schematic (left) and results (right) of novel object recognition experiment. (n = 8–10 mice per group; Data are presented as the mean ± standard error; *, **, ***, and **** indicate significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001, respectively).