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Fig. 5 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Bone morphogenetic protein 4 rescues the bone regenerative potential of old muscle-derived stem cells via regulation of cell cycle inhibitors

Fig. 5

Increased BMP4 expression levels in old MDSCs improve their bone regenerative potential to levels comparable to young MDSCs. A BMP4 secretion levels after double transduction. **P < 0.01. B Micro-CT 3D images at different time points of single and double transduction of old MDSCs/BMP4/GFP. Bone formation enhancement is more obvious at the 2 weeks timepoint. Both groups showed complete defect healing at 4 weeks with similar bone density for both groups. C Quantification of new bone volume. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001. D BMP4 secretion level of single and double transduction of young MDSCs/BMP4/GFP. ***P < 0.001. E Micro-CT 3D images at different time points. Double transduction showed obvious accelerated bone regeneration at two weeks and nearly completely healed defects at 2 weeks after cell transplantation and complete healing of defect at 4 and 6 weeks after cell transplantation. F Quantification of new bone volume at different time points. At the 2 and 6 weeks timepoints, double transduction significantly increased new bone formation, but not at 4 weeks. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. G Bone regeneration increase percentage after double transduction of young and old MDSCs/BMP4/GFP at different time points. Old MDSCs/BMP4/GFP showed an increase of 400% versus 200% at 2 weeks in young MDSCs/BMP4/GFP group and more than 150% at 4 and 6 weeks compared to less than 100% in young MDSCs/BMP4/GFP group after double transduction

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