From: How the mechanical microenvironment of stem cell growth affects their differentiation: a review
Physical signal | Mechanical signal | Responsive cell | Effectiveness of mechanical signal | Application | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ECM | dECM | BMSC | Enhancing osteogenic and angiogenic potential | Optimization of cell culture conditions | [20] |
3D Microenvironment | hESC | Promoting gene expression associated with differentiation to neural crest stem cells and osteoblasts | Optimizing artificial scaffolds as culture conditions | [23] | |
ECM and artificial scaffolds | hASC | Corresponding cell-derived ECM promotes corresponding differentiation | Improving the regenerative capacity of unmodified scaffolds | [26] | |
Substrate topology | Low pore size fibres | hMSC | Enhancing osteogenesis | Inducing stem cell-directed differentiation | [32] |
Large pore size fibres | rAMSC | Promoting differentiation into islet-like clusters | [33] | ||
Porous topology | NSPC | Promoting differentiation into astrocytes and neurons | [34] | ||
Composite microstructure of nanofibres | rBMSC | Enhancing osteogenic differentiation | [35] | ||
Substrate hardness | High hardness 3D-printed ECM | BMSC | Differentiating into sweat gland cells and hair follicle cells | [38] | |
Hard alginate shells | hMSC | Promoting osteogenic differentiation | [39] | ||
Soft hydrogel | VPC | Inducing differentiation towards endothelial cells | [40] | ||
Shear stress | Oscillatory shear stress | rBMSC | Promoting osteogenic differentiation | Bone tissue engineering | [48] |
Intermittent shear stress | rBMSC | Enhancing osteogenic differentiation | [49] | ||
Perfusion culture | 3D MT-dASC | Changing in direction of osteogenic differentiation to lipogenic differentiation | [55] | ||
Hydrostatic pressure | Circulating hydrostatic pressure | MSC | Enhancing osteogenic response | Changing the direction of stem cell differentiation | [59] |
Circulating hydrostatic pressure and decalcified bone matrix scaffold | MSC | Reducing osteogenic properties and enhancing chondrogenic properties | [60] | ||
Tension | Cyclic mechanical draft force | Human periodontal stem cells | Promoting osteogenic differentiation | Dental tissue engineering | |
Cyclic stretching | EPCs | Differentiating towards endothelium and angiogenesis | Vascular regeneration project | [64] | |
Bone marrow-derived cells | Expressing smooth muscle cell markers | [65] | |||
Microgravity | Microgravity | hBMSC | Inhibiting osteogenic differentiation and promoting adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation | Treatment of diseases related to bone loss in space | |
Nanostands and microgravity | hBMSC | Mitigating microgravity-induced osteoblast dysfunction | [77] | ||
Simulation of microgravity | mESC | Differentiating towards the stereotyped endoderm | Contribution to the study of regeneration engineering | [79] |