Fig. 2

Glycometabolism reprogramming during the endothelial differentiation of PMSCs. A–C The OCR assay was used to observe the basal and maximal mitochondrial respiratory function. D, E Cells in different groups were stained with Mito-tracker red to evaluate the mitochondrial fragmentation, and the mitochondrial length was analyzed quantitatively. Scale bar: 20 μm. E–I MMP was evaluated by a confocal microscope and flow cytometry. Thereinto, the ratio of green/red puncta was calculated to assess the MMP changes, and quantitative analyses were also performed. Scale bar: 20 μm. J–L Glycolysis and glycolysis capacity was detected by ECAR assay. M Extracellular lactate release determination in PMSCs and endothelial differentiated PMSCs at Day 3, 7, 10, and 14. Data are shown as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments and the representative result is shown. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by Student’s t test. SD: standard deviation. EC-differentiated PMSC: the induced PMSCs group for endothelial differentiation