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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Challenges and perspectives of tendon-derived cell therapy for tendinopathy: from bench to bedside

Fig. 3

Pathogenic factors affecting fitness of tendon cells and potential strategies for rejuvenation and modification of tendon cells. Left panel summarises the pathogenic factors: chemical (e.g. Botox/Antibiotics), physical exposure (deprivation/pathological loading), gene mutations and ageing. Right panel summarises possible strategies to rejuvenate and modify TDSCs via (1) CRISPR/Cas9 (2) mitochondrial transfer (3) IPSCs to TDSCs via iMSCs (4) microRNA/enzyme/recombinant proteins/growth factor inhibitors (5) paracrine factors from BMSC/ADSC (exosomes) (6) optimal physical stimulation. BMSC, bone marrow-derived stem cell. ADSC, adipose-derived stem cell. TDSC, tendon-derived stem cell. IPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell. iMSC, IPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cell

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