Fig. 8
Protein expressions of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damaged biomarkers in ischemic quadriceps muscle by day 42 after CKD induction. A Protein expression of NOX-1, * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p < 0.001. B Protein expression of NOX-2, * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p < 0.001. C Illustrating the Western blot band, i.e., by using the Oxyblot Oxidized Protein Detection Kit for detection; analytical result of oxidized protein expression, * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p < 0.0001 (Note: the left and right lanes shown on the upper panel represent protein molecular weight marker and control oxidized molecular protein standard, respectively). M.W. = molecular weight; DNP = 1–3 dinitrophenylhydrazone. D Protein expression of cytosolic cytochrome C (Cyt-cyto-C), * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p < 0.0001. E Protein expression of mitochondrial cytochrome C (Mit-cyto-C), * versus other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p < 0.0001. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 6 for each group). Symbols [(*, †, ‡, §, ¶) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). SC = sham-operated control; CKD = chronic kidney disease; CLI = critical limb ischemia; EPCs = endothelial progenitor cells; PrPcOE-EPCs = overexpression of cellular prion protein in EPCs; and siPrnp-EPCs = knockdown of cellular prion protein in EPCs