Fig. 2

L15 extract promotes osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. A Viability of hDPSCs on exposure to various doses of L15 extract. B Bright field micrographs showing ALP staining of hDPSCs with or without L15 extract (EVOS™ XL Core Imaging System; Scale bar = 200 μm). C Calcium deposition of hDPSCs with or without L15 extract by ARS staining. The expression of osteogenic differentiation marker genes (RUNX2, ALP, and COL1A1) were analyzed by real time-PCR (D). GAPDH was used for normalization. E The expression of osteogenic differentiation marker proteins (BMP4, RUNX2, and ALP) expression. F Quantitative analysis of intensity in E relative to GAPDH. Error bars represent standard deviation of the mean. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. N = 3