Fig. 2

MSC facilitated the polarization of BMDM to M2 phenotype by co-culture. BMDM population was fractionated by forward scatter (FSC) versus side scatter (SSC) analysis. The expression of CD86 (M1 marker) and CD206 (M2 marker) in the BMDMs (DAPI-GFP-CD11⁺) fraction was detected by FCM (A). The positive control for M1 was induced by the stimulation of IFN-γ and LPS (blue square), and for M2, positive cells were produced by the stimulation of IL-4 (red square) (B). BMDMs co-cultured with KUM10, hi-MSC, HAC-MSC, or BMDM alone were cultured for 48 h (C). M1 and M2 percentages in each condition (n = 12) are expressed as the mean ± standard error (S.E.) (D, E). One-way ANOVA was performed within each phenotype with post hoc analysis: Shaffer's modified sequentially rejective Bonferroni procedure. *p < 0.05