Fig. 3
From: The crosstalk between macrophages and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in bone healing
Enhancement of the crosstalk between BMSCs and MÏ•s by using biomaterials will be a popular tissue engineering strategy in the future. a, b Biomaterials loaded with BMSCs and cytokines are able to release cells and cytokines into target regions. c BMSCs differentiate into bone cells to repair the injured bones. d Cytokines released from biomaterials are able to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. e MÏ•s are derived from bones. f MÏ•s participate in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. g Biomaterials are able to protect BMSCs from the excessive inflammatory response mediated by MÏ•s derived from bones. h Cytokines loaded on biomaterial have the ability to regulate the excessive inflammatory response