Fig. 2
From: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy in the brain tumors
Exosome production and structure. Exosomes are a subtype of the extracellular vesicle with a phospholipid bilayer membrane. These nanoparticles are secreted from cells after the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs or late endosomes) with the plasma membrane. The exosomes contain a wide range of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, RNAs, and DNA molecular cargoes. Tetraspanin family of proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81, and CD82) are common exosome-specific markers. The figure was generated by the authors—adobe illustrator version 26.4.1