Co-treatment with grape seed extract and mesenchymal stem cells in vivo regenerated beta cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas of type I-induced diabetic rats

Table 6 Effect of GSE and/or MSCs transplantation on serum biochemical parameters in different experimental groups

Parameters	Healthy control group (I)	Untreated diabetic control group (II)	GSE-treated diabetic group (III)	MSCs-treated diabetic group (IV)	GSE/MSCs-treated diabetic group (V)
Body weight (gm)	250.3 ± 0.7^d	180.3 ± 2.3^a	210.6 ± 1.4^b	221.3 ± 2.1^c	255.7 ± 0.9^d
FBG level (mg/dl)	97.2 ± 2.1^a	244.3 ± 3.3^c	135.4 ± 3.2^c	121.4 ± 3.6^b	95.4 ± 1.6^a
Insulin (μU/mL)	7.2 ± 1.7c	5.2 ± 0.1^a	5.9 ± 2.0^a	6.1 ± 0.9^b	7.5 ± 2.9^c
FTA (μmol/L)	161.1 ± 0.4^a	299.4 ± 4.9^c	178.5 ± 2.5^b	181.3 ± 2.1^b	159.6 ± 4.1^a
ALT (U/L)	30.2 ± 6.3^a	60.1 ± 3.8^c	42.5 ± 1.1^b	39.1 ± 2.1^b	29.4 ± 2.3^a
AST (U/L)	25.4 ± 0.5^a	40.1 ± 1.1^c	30.1 ± 0.8^b	29.4 ± 0.6^b	23.1 ± 0.7^a
Urea (mg/dl)	32.1 ± 3.1^a	87.9 ± 2.1^c	39.1 ± 3.6^b	40.2 ± 1.2^b	33.2 ± 0.3^a
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.4 ± 0.1^a	1.3 ± 0.1^c	0.5 ± 0.1^a	0.6 ± 0.1^b	0.4 ± 0.2^a
Triglycerides mg/dl)	80.1 ± 0.9^a	128.3 ± 6.2^c	89.4 ± 4.2^b	94.4 ± 3.2^b	81.2 ± 1.3^a
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	102.4 ± 1.2^a	132.1 ± 2.6^c	111.5 ± 6.2^b	113.4 ± 0.7^b	98.4 ± 1.1^a
HDL-C (mg/dl)	53.1 ± 0.6^a	49.2 ± 0.8^a	50.2 ± 2.3^a	51.2 ± 6.4^a	52.4 ± 4.2^a
LDL-C (mg/dl)	43.1 ± 2.2^a	77.6 ± 4.2^c	51.2 ± 1.3^b	48.1 ± 3.1^b	40.4 ± 2.1^a
MDA (nmol/ml)	5.2 ± 0.1^a	8.4 ± 2.1^d	6.5 ± 2.4^b	7.2 ± 0.4^c	5.1 ± 4.1^a
GPx (U/ml)	1435.4 ± 11.3^c	1250.2 ± 8.8^a	1310.6 ± 9.7^b	1350.9 ± 10.2^b	1421.2 ± 9.4^c
SOD (U/ml)	29.4 ± 2.1^b	15.2 ± 3.3^a	27.6 ± 7.3^b	26.4 ± 6.4^b	28.9 ± 1.4^b

Mean values labeled with the same superscript letter were similar (insignificance, P > 0.05), whereas those with different ones were significantly differed (P < 0.05)

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