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Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Neuroblasts migration under control of reactive astrocyte-derived BDNF: a promising therapy in late neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury

Fig. 4

Exogenous CCL2 promoted neuroblasts migration and reactive astrocytes-derived BDNF expression in both normal and TBI mice (day 28). These provoked neuroblasts could differentiate into functional neurons. Coronal sections of forebrain were immunostained with anti-DCX antibody (red, neuroblasts), anti-BDNF antibody (red, BDNF-positive cells), anti-GFAP antibody (green, reactive astrocytes), anti-NeuN antibody (green, neurons) and DAPI (blue, nucleus). Yellow and pink arrows: injection pathway. A1–A6, a1–a6 Photomicrograph showing the distribution of DCX+ cells at different injection time courses (3, 7 and 14 days after injection) in normal mice with vehicle or CCL2 (100 ng/mL). Scale bar = 5 μm (A1–A6), Scale bar = 200 μm (a1–a6). A7, a7 Photomicrograph showing the distribution of DCX+ cells at 3 days after injection in normal mice with CCL2 (100 ng/mL). Scale bar = 5 μm (A7), 25 μm (a7-1), 50 μm (a7-2), and 200 μm (a7-3). A9–A10, a9–a10 Photomicrograph showing the distribution of DCX+ cells on day 7 after injection in CCI mice with vehicle or CCL2 (100 ng/mL). Scale bar = 5 μm (A9–A10), 200 μm (a9–a10). B1, b1 Images of BDNF+/GFAP+ cells in cortex of normal mice on day 7 post-injection with vehicle showing GFAP and BDNF immunoreactivity separately or as merged image. Scale bar = 12.5 μm (B1), 50 μm (b1). B2, b2 Images of BDNF+/GFAP+ cells in cortex of normal mice on day 7 post-injection with CCL2 (100 ng/mL) showing GFAP and BDNF immunoreactivity separately or as merged image. Scale bar = 12.5 μm (B2), 50 μm (b2). B3, b3 Images of BDNF+/GFAP+ cells in cortex of CCI 28d mice on day 7 post-injection with vehicle showing GFAP and BDNF immunoreactivity separately or as merged image. Scale bar = 12.5 μm (B3), 50 μm (b3). B4, b4 Images of BDNF+/GFAP+ cells in cortex of CCI 28d mice on day 7 post-injection with CCL2 (100 ng/mL) showing GFAP and BDNF immunoreactivity separately or as merged image. Scale bar = 12.5 μm (B4), 50 μm (b4). C Images of DCX+/NeuN+/DAPI cells in cortex of normal mice on day 14 post-injection with CCL2 (100 ng/mL) showing NeuN and DCX immunoreactivity separately or as merged image. Scale bar = 5 μm (C1), 50 μm (c1). Pink arrow: injection track. CCI: controlled cortical impact; TBI: traumatic brain injury; CC chemokine ligand 2 = CCL2; DAPI: 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; CC: corpus callosum

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