Fig. 1
From: Shining the light on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in breast cancer
Sources of MSCs and exosome biogenesis. MSCs can be obtained from various sources including bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord, Wharton jelly, placenta, and dental pulp (a). Mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion (b). Exosome biogenesis initiates with the process of endocytosis. It includes internal budding of the cell membrane and embraces bioactive molecules, resulting to the formation of the endosome. Furthermore, these molecules are sorted in smaller vesicles which bud from membrane into endosome lumen forming multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The MVBs either fuse with lysosome for degradation or fuse with the plasma membrane to release exosomes