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Table 1 Isolation methods and characteristics of oral cavity-derived SCs

From: Oral cavity-derived stem cells and preclinical models of jaw-bone defects for bone tissue engineering

SCs

Positive markers

Negative markers

Sources

Time of ALP staining

Time of calcium accumulation

Markers of osteogenic differentiation

References

PDLSCs

CD166, CD146, CD106, CD105, CD90, CD73, CD59, CD44, CD29, CD13, CD10, CD9, SSEA4, 3G5, STRO-1

CD45, CD34, CD31, CD14

Third molar

7 days

14 days

4 weeks

ALP, OCN, MEPE, BSP, TGFβR1, RunX2 calcium accumulation

[41, 45,46,47,48]

DPSCs

CD271, CD166, CD146, CD106, CD105, CD90, CD73, CD59, CD49, CD44, CD29, CD13, CD10, CD9

CD133, CD117, CD45, CD34, CD31, CD24, CD19, CD14

Third molar

40 days

60 days

30 days

3 weeks

6 weeks

ALP, OCN, ON, BSP, DSPP, BAP, BMP2, calcium accumulation

[63,64,65, 68, 77]

SCAPs

CD166, CD146, CD106, CD105, CD90, CD73, CD61, CD56, CD51, CD44, CD29, CD24, CD13

CD150, CD117, CD45, CD34, CD18, CD14

Impacted third molar

3 days

4 weeks

7 days

14 days

4 weeks

ALP, calcium accumulation

[85, 87, 90,91,92,93,94]

GMSCs

CD166, CD146, CD106, CD105, CD90, CD73, CD44, CD29,

CD117, CD45, CD34

Gingival tissues

2 weeks

4 weeks

ALP, OCN, calcium accumulation

[59, 98, 101, 103]

SHED

CD166, CD146, CD105, CD90, CD73, CD56, CD44, CD29, CD13

CD45, CD43, CD34, CD19, CD14, CD11b

Deciduous incisors

1 days

3 days

7 days

14 days

4 weeks

14 days

4 weeks

RUNX2, ALP, OCN, MEPE, BSP, DSPP, Osterix, calcium accumulation

[109, 112, 114, 115]

DFSCs

D271, CD166, CD106, CD105, CD90, CD73, CD59, CD53, CD44, CD29, CD13, CD10, CD9, electron dense granular material

CD133, CD45, CD34, CD31, CD14

Third molar at root-developing stage

2 weeks

15 days

2 weeks

15 days

5 weeks

COL1, OCN, BSP, nestin, Notch1, electron-dense granular material

[124, 125]

ABMSCs

CD166, CD146, CD105, CD90, CD73, CD71, CD44, CD29, CD13,

CD45, CD34, CD31, CD19, CD14, CD11b

Alveolar bone

28 days

21 days

28 days

ALP, OCN, BSP, OP, calcium accumulation

[130,131,132]

TGSCs

CD166, CD106, CD105, CD90, CD73, CD44, CD29

CD133, CD45, CD34, CD14

Impacted third molar

14 days

10 days

2 weeks

ALP, COL1, DMP1, DSP, klf4, c-myc, oct4, nestin, NS, sox2, vimentin, hTERT, BMP2, BMP7, calcium accumulation

[143,144,145, 147, 148]

  1. SC, stem cells; ABMSCs, alveolar bone‐derived mesenchymal stem cells;ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BAP, bone alkaline phosphatase; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; BSP, bone sialoprotein; CD, cluster of differentiation;COL1, collagen type-I; DFSCs, dental follicle progenitor cells; DMP1, dentin matrix protein 1; DPSCs, dental pulp stem cells; DSPP, desmoplakin; GMSCs, gingiva‐derived mesenchymal stem cells; hTERT, human telomerase reverse-transcriptase; klf4, kruppel-like factor 4; MEPE, matrix extracellular protein; Notch-1, notch receptor 1; NS, nucleostemin; OCN, osteocalcin; ON, osteonectin; OP, osteopontin; PDLSCs, periodontal ligament stem cells; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2; SCAPs, stem cells from the apical papilla; SHED, stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth; SSEA4, stage-specific embryonic antigen-4; TGFβR1, transforming growth factor-β receptor type I; TGPCs, tooth germ progenitor cells