Type of model | Position | Age of animals | Modeling methods | Duration of observation | Application | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rat | ||||||
Maxillary tooth extraction model | First molar | 4 weeks | A dental probe was used to delicately separate the gingivae surrounding the right maxillary first molar. After the extraction of maxillary right first molar, inter-radicular septa were removed using a round bur while irrigating with saline | 4 weeks | Healing of an alveolar bone defect after tooth extraction | [153] |
Maxillary drilling model | Mesial position of the buccal side of the first molar | – | In close proximity to the gingival sulcus of first molar buccal, a relieving incision about 1 cm was made. After elevating the mucosal flap, a 3 × 1 × 1 mm defect was made by drilling the alveolar bone with a round bur while irrigating with saline. After the operation, the flap was restored and the wound was sutured with 5–0 surgical sutures | 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks | Bone defect healing | [155] |
Mesial–lingual side of the first molar | 6 weeks | On the mesial–lingual side of the maxillary first molar, a defect was created by using a round bur of 3 mm diameter. Drilling the alveolar bone intermittently to prevent bone necrosis | 8 weeks | Bone defect healing | [156] | |
Drilling model of the maxilla after tooth extraction | First molar | 10–12 months | First, bilateral first molars were removed. Then, the extraction sockets were enlarged by a dental bur with a 2 mm diameter while irrigating with saline. The sockets were extended to a critical size of 2 mm in depth and 2 mm in diameter | 0, 4 weeks | Alveolar-fossa healing | [158] |
Right first molar | 10–12 months | First, the maxillary right first molar extracted. Then, from the maxillary right second molar’s cement–enamel junction, the extraction sockets were enlarged to defects with a 2 mm depth by using a dental bur with a 1.4 mm diameter while irrigating with saline. Finally, cyanoacrylate adhesive was used to seal the wound | 0, 7, 14, and 28 days | Healing of an alveolar bone defect after tooth extraction | [159] | |
Mandibular drilling model | Mandibular body | 6–8 weeks | An anteroposterior skin incision was done in the left orofacial location to reveal the underlying mandible. A mandible body defect of 5 × 2 × 1 mm was created by using a dental drill with a 1 mm diameter while irrigating with saline. After the operation, the wounds were sutured with 5–0 surgical sutures | 8 weeks | Repair of mandibular defects | [98] |
Mouse | ||||||
Maxillary tooth extraction model | First molar | 10 weeks | Without fracturing the tooth or alveolar bone, the first maxillary molars of the right were extracted | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks | Healing of an alveolar bone defect after tooth extraction | [154] |
Maxillary drilling model | First molar | 6–7 weeks | Under sterile circumstances, a little incision was created in the premaxillary bone's mucosa and the soft tissues were raised. In the midline of each premaxilla, just posterior to the upper incisor, a defect with a 1.2 mm diameter was created by using a surgical trephine powered by a low-speed dental engine | 30 days | Treatment of maxillary alveolar cleft | [157] |
Drilling model of the maxilla after tooth extraction | First molar | 6–7 weeks | First, the upper first molar was removed using dental forceps. Then, the extraction socket was widened and a four-wall bone defect was created by using a dental handpiece and tiny spherical bur | 2, 4, and 6 weeks | Alveolar-fossa healing and the effect of graft material on orthodontic tooth movement |