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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as therapeutic carriers for bone regeneration

Fig. 2

The avenues for the modification of exosomes are mainly divided into two aspects: preconditioning of parental cells and exosome engineering. Preconditioning of parental cells for bone regeneration mainly included hypoxic preconditioning, cytokine preconditioning and chemical preconditioning. Exosome engineering is mainly divided into two categories: cargo packaging into exosomes and surface modification of exosomes

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