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Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Electromagnetic fields regulate calcium-mediated cell fate of stem cells: osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and apoptosis

Fig. 4

Electromagnetic fields-dependent calcium-mediated stem cell and tumor cell fate. EMF mediates calcium ion oscillation in stem cells, and calcium ion activate NO molecules, which further activate the osteogenic differentiation pathway and promote osteogenic differentiation of stem cells; calcium ion can activate a small amount of ROS molecules, which further activate the chondrogenic differentiation pathway and promote chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. EMF causes calcium overload in tumor cells and a large amount of ROS activation, leading to apoptosis. The figure was created with BioRender.com

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