Fig. 2

Biological comparison of different tissue sources of MSCs across independent laboratories. a In all sites, A- and UC-MSCs showed enhanced growth kinetics when compared to BM-MSCs, with mean doubling times closer to 40 h for A- and UC-, and 80 to 100 h for BM-MSCs. b Significant differences were observed between sites when comparing the growth rates between sources. c, d A- and BM-MSC were able to undergo different levels of adipogenesis and e, f osteogenesis while UC-MSCs showed a limited ability to differentiate only into osteocytes (one out of 3 donors at one site). g–i Analysis of the immunophenotype by flow cytometry showed adherence to the minimal criteria in all sites, with higher than 95% expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105. Expression of negative markers showed a moderate increase in CD34 (two sites) and CD45 (one site) in A-MSC preparations and a mild increase in HLA-DR in BM-MSC preparations. Data displayed as mean ± SD, N = 3. a One-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison corrections, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, **p < 0.001, ****p < 0.001.