Fig. 1
Regulatory effect of metformin on ovarian FGSC and ovarian function in mice. Figure 1–1. Metformin increases the number of FGSCs in mice ovaries. A Left: Dual fluorescence staining of mouse ovarian FGSCs in 12-week-old mice after metformin treatment for 1 week. Right: Statistical analysis of the number of Mvh (green) and EdU (red) double-positive cells. B Left: Dual fluorescence staining of mouse ovarian FGSCs in 28-week-old mice after metformin treatment for 1 week. Right: Statistical analysis of the number of Mvh (green) and EdU (red) double-positive cells. C Left: Dual fluorescence staining of mouse ovarian FGSCs in 12-week-old mice after metformin treatment for 3 weeks. Right: Statistical analysis of the number of Mvh (green) and EdU (red) double-positive cells. D Left: Dual fluorescence staining of mouse ovarian FGSCs in 28-week-old mice after metformin treatment for 3 weeks. Right: Statistical analysis of the number of Mvh (green) and EdU (red) double-positive cells. Scale bars: 50 μm. Figure 1–2. Metformin regulates the secretion of ovarian hormones in mice. E Changes of the serum E2 level in 12-week-old mice treated with metformin. F Changes of the serum E2 level in 28-week-old mice treated with metformin. G Changes of the serum PRG level in 12-week-old mice treated with metformin. H Changes of the serum PRG level in 28-week-old mice treated with metformin. Figure 1–3. Metformin regulates the development of ovarian follicles in mice. I Left: Histological morphology of 12-week-old mouse ovaries after metformin treatment for 1 week. Right: Statistical analysis of the number of developmental follicles in 12-week-old mice. J Left: Histological morphology of 28-week-old mouse ovaries after metformin treatment for 1 week. Right: Statistical analysis of the number of developmental follicles in 28-week-old mice. K Left: Histological morphology of 12-week-old mouse ovaries after metformin treatment for 3 weeks. Right: Statistical analysis of the number of developmental follicles in 12-week-old mice. L Left: Histological morphology of 28-week-old mouse ovaries after metformin treatment for 3 weeks. Right: Statistical analysis of the number of developmental follicles in 28-week-old mice. Scale bars: 100 μm. All data are presented as means ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the control by two-tailed Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA and the multiple comparison test. Con: control, Met: metformin. w: week. E2: estradiol, PRG: progesterone. Pm: primordial follicle (arrows), Pr: primary follicle (arrowheads), Sc: secondary follicle, Antr: antral follicle, CL: corpus luteum