Fig. 3

Metformin regulates the modification of total protein β-hydroxybutyrylation in FGSCs. A Top: Changes of Kbhb in the histone region of FGSCs treated with metformin as determined by western blotting. Bottom: Statistical analysis of western blots. Uncropped full-length gel blots can be found in Additional file 5: Fig. S5A. B Overview of the number of differentially expressed proteins and modification sites. C Proportion of subcellular localization of differentially expressed proteins modified by Kbhb. D GO annotation of differentially expressed proteins. E Homology clustering annotation of differentially expressed proteins. F Changes of core histone modifications in histone Kbhb. G Top: Western blot validation of histone H2BK5bhb modification. Bottom: Statistical analysis of western blots. Uncropped full-length gel blots can be found in Additional file 5: Fig. S5B. Western blot data are presented as mean s ± SD of three biological replicates. **p < 0.01 compared with the control by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Con: control. C-1, C-2: control repeat-1, repeat-2; Met: metformin. T-1, T-2: metformin repeat-1, repeat-2