Fig. 2

MSC treatment but not MSC-EV treatment increases osteophyte volume. A Total osteophyte volume measured on µCT. B Example of a µCT scan, where the red arrow indicates an osteophyte and the red asterisk indicates a cyst. C Number of cartilage mineralizations counted on the tibia plateau and D example of a cartilage mineralization as observed on µCT and safranin-O histology staining, arrows indicate mineralizations. E Number of cysts counted in the total joint. F Medial and I lateral tibial trabecular bone volume fraction, expressed as µm change from baseline. G Medial and J lateral tibial subchondral plate thickness, expressed as µm change from baseline. H Medial and K lateral tibial trabecular bone thickness, expressed as µm change from baseline. No animals or data points were excluded from these analyses, n = 12 per group. Graphs represent mean ± 95% confidence interval, p values in graphs are reported with asterisks where p ≤ 0.05 is *, p ≤ 0.01 is **, p ≤ 0.001 is *** and p > 0.05 is not significant