Strategies for enrichment and selection of stem cell-derived tissue precursors

Table 2 Examples of surface markers expressed on stem, progenitor, and differentiated cells

	Stem cell	Progenitor cell	Differentiated cell
Pluripotent stem cell	SSEA-3/4, TRA-1-60
Ectoderm	Neural stem cell CD133, ABCG2 [4, 106, 107]	Neuron-restricted progenitor NCAM [108]	Neuronal cell PSD-95, Synaptophysin [109]
		Glial-restricted progenitor FGFR [110–112]	Oligodendrocyte MOG, CD140a [113, 114]
			Type 2 astrocyte
			Type 1 astrocyt FGFR3 [110, 111]
		Motor neuron progenitor	Motor neuron
	Surface ectoderm	Epidermal stem cell α6-integrin^high, CD71^low [115]	Epithelial cell CEACAM-1, EpCAM [116, 117]
Mesoderm	Hemangioblast	Hematopoietic stem cell
	CD143, E-cadherin, VE-cadherin, PECAM-1, VEGFR2 [64]	CD34, CD44, CD150, VEGFR2, Sca-1 [63]	Myeloid/lymphoid lineages [118]
		Smooth muscle progenitor VE-cadherin [119]	Smooth muscle cell VE-cadherin [119]
		Endothelial progenitor CD31, CD105, CD144, CD146, VEGFR2, VWF [120]	Endothelial cell CD31 [120]
	Mesenchymal stem cell CD105/endoglin, CD73, CD90/Thy-1 [65]	Myogenic precursor α7-integrin, M-cadherin [121]	Cardiac muscle SIRPA [66]
			Skeletal muscle α7β1-integrin [122]
		Pre-adipocyte	Adipocyte Glut4 [123]
		Chondrocyte precursor	Chondrocyte CD44 [124]
		Osteoblast	Osteocyte
Endoderm	Primitive endoderm
	Definitive endoderm	Hepatic progenitor c-Met, CD49f [125]	Hepatocyte Il-6 [126]
		Pancreatic progenitor	α cell
			β cell Glut2 [127]
			PPγ cell
			δ cell
			ε cell

ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2; CEACAM-1, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; Glut, glucose transporter; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule; PECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; PSD-95, post-synaptic density protein 95; SIRPA, signal-regulatory protein alpha; SSEA, stage-specific embryonic antigen; VEGFR2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; VWF, von Willebrand factor.

ISSN: 1757-6512