Cyclosporine-assisted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy to mitigate acute kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury

Table 1 Time courses for circulating levels of creatinine and BUN, and the urine protein:creatinine ratio

Variable	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	Group 5	P value
At 0 hours
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	0.21 ± 0.05	0.22 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.03	0.23 ± 0.04	0.19 ± 0.05	0.244
Serum BUN (mg/dl)	14.8 ± 2.1	16.3 ± 3.3	13.5 ± 1.1	17.1 ± 1.7	16.4 ± 2.2	0.062
Ratio of urine protein to creatinine	1.10 ± 0.17	1.14 ± 0.53	1.14 ± 0.32	1.35 ± 0.90	1.18 ± 0.34	0.924
At 24 hours
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	0.27 ± 0.08*	3.28 ± 1.29^†	1.72 ± 1.93^‡	1.55 ± 1.61^‡	1.6 ± 0.72^‡	<0.001
Serum BUN (mg/dl)	16.6 ± 3.3*	86.7 ± 15.9^†	67.8 ± 37.4^‡	68.0 ± 35.9^‡	68.0 ± 35.9^‡	<0.001
Ratio of urine protein to creatinine	1.28 ± 0.49*	6.75 ± 2.92^†	4.01 ± 0.80^‡	3.27 ± 0.33^§	2.73 ± 0.60^¶	<0.001
At 72 hours
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	0.44 ± 0.06*	3.58 ± 3.16^†	1.21 ± 0.83^‡	1.27 ± 0.83^‡	0.82 ± 0.32^§	<0.001
Serum BUN (mg/dl)	23.3 ± 2.2*	109 ± 89.7^†	63.5 ± 37.4^‡	49.9 ± 29.5^§	47.7 ± 18.3^§	<0.001
Ration of urine protein to creatinine	1.14 ± 0.60*	3.70 ± 2.82^†	2.08 ± 2.06^‡	1.52 ± 0.34^§	1.19 ± 0.23^¶	<0.001

Time courses of circulating levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and the ratio of urine protein to creatinine after acute kidney ischemia–reperfusion procedure (n = 8 in each group). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Group 1 = sham control; group 2 = ischemia reperfusion (IR); group 3 = IR + cyclosporine (CsA); group 4 = IR + adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC); group 5 = IR + CsA + ADMSC. Statistical analysis in each group by analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post-hoc test. Symbols (*, †, ‡, §, ¶) indicate significance (at 0.05 level) by Bonferroni multiple-comparison post-hoc test: † vs. ‡ vs. § vs. ¶, all P <0.05 for inter-group comparisons.