Generation and characterization of transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells and conversion to putative clinical-grade status

Table 1 Human induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming efficiencies from human dermal fibroblasts

	Lentivirus	Polycistronic STEMCCA lentivirus	Retrovirus	Episomal / minicircle	miRNAs	Cell-permeable proteins	Sendai virus	mRNA
Efficiency (%)	0.022	0.01 to 1.5	<0.01 to 0.02	0.003 to 0.006	0.002	0.001	0.01 to 1	>1
Integrating	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Reference(s)	[1]	[15, 16]	[17, 18]	[8, 9]	[11]	[12]	[13]	[14]

ISSN: 1757-6512