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Table 2 Growth factors reported as full inducers (I) or promoters (P) of chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs in pellet culture in vitro

From: Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells: role of tissue source and inducing factors

 

BM MSC

AT MSC

SM MSC

Factor

I

P

I

P

I

P

TGFβ1

[84, 96, 98]

     

TGFβ2

[84]

     

TGFβ3

[40, 61, 65, 83, 89, 90, 99]

 

[40]

   

BMP2

[85, 109]

[85, 90]

[110]

[89]

 

[41, 105]

BMP4

 

[90, 91]

 

[89]

  

BMP6

 

[45, 87, 90, 92]

[86]

[45, 89]

 

[52]

BMP7

 

[90]

   

[111]

IGF1

 

[87, 90, 97]

 

[103]

 

[112]

  1. I, factors inducing proteoglycan and collagen type II deposition in pellets according to histology when added as single factors to chondrogenic basal medium; P, factors promoting proteoglycan and collagen type II deposition in pellets when added in combination with TGFβ to chondrogenic basal medium. The list of publications is not exhaustive. AT, adipose tissue; BM, bone marrow; BMP, bone morphogenic protein; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; MSC, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell; SM, synovial membrane; TGF, transforming growth factor.
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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512