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Table 2 Future prospects for stem cell use for ocular cell therapy

From: Ocular stem cells: a status update!

Cell source

Diseases

Site of inoculation/technology

Clinical outcome

References

RPE cells

Wet AMD

Scaffolds with RPE cells into the subretinal space

In vivo animal studies

[81]

Human embryonic-stem-cell-derived retinal epithelium - three-dimensional culture

Retinal degenerative diseases

Autonomous formation of the optic cup (retinal primordium)

Ex vivo culture system

[54]

Three-dimensional culture encapsulated with retinal progenitors cells

Retinal degenerative diseases

Microfabrication processes, a novel biodegradable thin film cell encapsulation scaffold

Ex vivo culture system

[82]

Embryonic stem cell-derived photoreceptors

Retinal degenerative diseases

Micro-channel scaffold

Animal studies: mouse

[83]

Human RPE cells

Retinal degenerative diseases

Nanofibers

Ex vivo culture system

[84]

Human iPSCs

Retinal degenerative diseases

Culturing optic vesicle-like structures from human iPSCs

Ex vivo culture system

[85]

  1. AMD, age-related macular degeneration; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium.