Cell source | Diseases | Site of inoculation/technology | Clinical outcome | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
RPE cells | Wet AMD | Scaffolds with RPE cells into the subretinal space | In vivo animal studies | [81] |
Human embryonic-stem-cell-derived retinal epithelium - three-dimensional culture | Retinal degenerative diseases | Autonomous formation of the optic cup (retinal primordium) | Ex vivo culture system | [54] |
Three-dimensional culture encapsulated with retinal progenitors cells | Retinal degenerative diseases | Microfabrication processes, a novel biodegradable thin film cell encapsulation scaffold | Ex vivo culture system | [82] |
Embryonic stem cell-derived photoreceptors | Retinal degenerative diseases | Micro-channel scaffold | Animal studies: mouse | [83] |
Human RPE cells | Retinal degenerative diseases | Nanofibers | Ex vivo culture system | [84] |
Human iPSCs | Retinal degenerative diseases | Culturing optic vesicle-like structures from human iPSCs | Ex vivo culture system | [85] |