Table 2 Repair of injured spinal cord using biomaterial scaffolds and neural stem cell cells
From: Repair of injured spinal cord using biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells
Injury | Animal model | SCI stagea | Scaffold | Stem cell | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Complete transection (T8-T9) | Rat | Acute | PLGA multichannel conduit | Embryonic rat NSC | Facilitated regeneration of axons in channels of scaffold | [47] |
Transection (T9-T10) | Rat | Acute | PLGA multichannel conduit | Neonatal rat NSC | Axonal regeneration, NSC differentiation, functional improvement | [63] |
Hemisection (T9-T10) | Rat | Acute | PLGA-oriented scaffold | Neonatal rat NPC | Increase in vessel density, reduced glial scarring, inflammatory response | [64] |
Two hemisections (T7-8 and L2-3) | Rat | Acute | PLGA film | Human fetal brain NSC | Lower rates of human NSC death in films embedded with reactive oxygen, species collectors (MnTBAP, UA) | [60] |
Hemisection (T7-T8) | Rat | Acute | PCL scaffolds | Human fetal NSC | Implanting NSCs overexpressing NT-3 resulted in increased behavioral and electro-physiological recovery | [65] |
Transection (C6-C7) | Â | Acute | Self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold | Embryonic NPC | Microenvironment around cells in the scaffolds, controlled cell proliferation, differentiation | [66] |
Full-resection (5Â mm) of spinal cord (T8 and T9) | Rat | Acute | Collagen gelfoam | Adult rat NSC | Decrease in scar formation | [57] |
Complete transection (T10) | Rat | Acute | Gelfoam | Neonatal rat NSC | Improved relay of cortical motor-evoked potential and cortical somatosensory-evoked potential | [67] |
Complete transection (T8) | Rat | Acute | Chitosan channels | Adult rat NSPC | Improved survival of NSPCs, NSPCs differentiated into mature astrocytes and oligodendrocytes | [48] |
Hemisection (T11) | Canine | Acute | PLGA scaffolds | Human NSC | Grafted NSC survived implantation procedure and showed migratory behavior to residual spinal cord tissue | [68] |
Hemisection (T9) | African green monkey | Acute | PLGA porous scaffolds | Human NSC | Behavioral evaluations confirmed improvement in post-operative paralysis, model appropriate for future studies with primates | [69] |
Clip compression injury (T7-T9) | Rat | Implantation of scaffolds with cells 3Â weeks after original injury | Chitosan channels | Adult rat spinal cords NSPC | Improved survival of seeded NSPCs in chitosan channel | [56] |