Table 3 Summary table of differentiated allogeneic MSC in cartilage regeneration
Paper | Model | In vitro immunogenicity | In vitro immunosuppressive ability | In vivo engraftment | In vivo immune marker expression | In vivo functional benefits | In vivo cellular response | In vivo antibody response |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ryan et al.[5] | Allogeneic rat chondrogenically differentiated MSCs implanted subcutaneously | Increased T-cell proliferation and activation. Increased susceptibility to allo-specific cytotoxic lysis. Granzyme B + CD8+ T cells generated against dMSCs | Immunosuppressive ability lost after differentiation. PGE2 and NO secretion significantly reduced | Extensive cellular infiltration leading to graft damage | NT | NT | CD3+ and CD68+ immune cell infiltration. Local and systemic cellular memory response to dMSCs; this response only seen locally and without encapsulation in undifferentiated MSCs | Increased anti-donor antibody levels. Th1 type antibody response |
Zheng et al.[53] | Human RA patients' T cells with allogeneic chondrogenically differentiated MSCs | No collagen II-specific T-cell proliferation to dMSCs | dMSCs could suppress allogeneic T-cell proliferation and activation. | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT |
dMSCs could suppress CD4+ and CD8+ inflammatory cytokine production. | ||||||||
dMSCs and undifferentiated MSCs secreted similar TGFβ1 levels | ||||||||
Technau et al.[55] | In vitro assessment of human chondrogenically differentiated MSCs | dMSCs stained positive for HLA-ABC and HLA-DR. | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT |
dMSCs secreted IFNγ | ||||||||
Chen et al.[54] | In vitro assessment of rat chondrogenically differentiated MSCs | Upregulation of CD80 and CD86 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT |