Table 1 Various methods used for reprogramming
From: Investigating cellular identity and manipulating cell fate using induced pluripotent stem cells
Method | Factorsa | Sources | Enhancement factors |
|---|---|---|---|
Adenovirus | OSKM | Mouse fibroblast and liver cells [77], human embryonic fibroblast cells [78] | Â |
Bacteriophage | OSKM | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts, human amniocytes [79] | Â |
Episomal vector | OSKMNL | Human foreskin fibroblasts [36] | SV40LT |
| Â | Â | Human fibroblasts, adipose stem cells, cod blood cells [80] | SV40LT, LIF, MEK/GSK3b/TGFBR inhibitor, HA-100/human |
| Â | OSKM*L | Human dermal fibroblasts [81] | p53 shRNA |
Lentivirus | OSKM | Mouse pancreatic b cells [20] | Â |
| Â | Â | Human adult fibroblasts [82] | p53 siRNA, UTF1 |
| Â | Â | Mouse B lymphocytes [21] | C/EBPa or Pax5 shRNA |
| Â | OSNL | Human newborn foreskin [9] | Â |
| Â | Â | Human fibroblasts [83] | SV40LT |
| Â | OSKMNL | Human fibroblasts [84] | Â |
| Â | OSN | Gut mesentery-derived cells [85], human amnion-derived cells [86] | Â |
| Â | O | Human epidermal keratinocytes [87] | TGFBR/MEK1 inhibitor, PDK1 activator, sodium butyrate |
Minicircle vector | OSNL | Human adipose stromal cells [37] | Â |
microRNA | miR-200c, 302a/b/c/d, 369-3p/5p | Human and mouse adipose stromal cells [64] | Â |
mRNA | OSNL | Human fibroblasts [88] | Â |
| Â | OSKM(L) | Primary human neonatal epidermal keratinocytes [40] | Â |
piggyBAC | OSKM | Â | |
Plasmid | OSKM | Â | |
| Â | OSNL | Human foreskin fibroblasts [92] | MEK inhibitor |
Protein | OSKM | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts [38] | VPA |
| Â | OSKM | Human fibroblasts [39] | Â |
Retrovirus | OSKM | Human fibroblasts [8], mouse fibroblasts [7], human keratinocytes [23], human peripheral blood cells [25] | Â |
| Â | Â | Human fibroblasts, adipose stem cells [93] | Vitamin C, VPA |
| Â | OSK | Adult human dermal fibroblasts [30] | Â |
| Â | Â | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts [94] | Wnt3a |
| Â | Â | Rat liver progenitor cells [11] | MEK/ALK5/GSK3b inhibitor |
| Â | Â | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts [93] | Vitamin C |
| Â | Â | Mouse and human fibroblasts [32] | GLIS1 |
| Â | Â | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts [95] | mmu-miR-106a/18b/20b/19b/92a/363 or 302a/302b/302c/302d/367 |
| Â | Â | Human fibroblasts [96] | hsa-miR-302b or 372 |
| Â | OK | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts [97] | BIX01294, BayK8644 |
| Â | Â | Neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes [98] | GSK3b inhibitor |
| Â | O | Mouse neural stem cells [99] | Â |
| Â | Â | Mouse fibroblasts [100] | GSK3b inhibitor, vitamin C, BMP4 |
| Â | hsa-miR-302a/b/c/d | Human skin cancer cells [101] | Â |
Sendai virus | OSKM | Â |