Fig. 4

In-vitro adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of induced stem cells. a iPMSCs were induced into adipocytes in defined medium and lipid droplets were subsequently stained by Oil Red O. b mRNA expression levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα marker genes in the adipogenic group using RT-PCR and resolving the amplicon on agarose gel. c Expression levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα compared with control group using qPCR. Note that total RNA was extracted from mixed population of cells with ~30 % displaying stem cell characteristics. *p < 0.01 between control IPMSCs before differentiation (fibroblasts) and after adipogenic conversion (adipogenic IPMSCs). d iPMSCs were induced into osteoblasts and subsequently stained for osteocalcin. e Alizarin Red staining identified the calcium nodules secreted by induced osteoblasts. f Osteoblast specific gene expression in iPMSCs and the osteogenic group by RT-PCR and subsequently resolving the amplicon on agarose gel. IPMSC induced pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell