Fig. 1

Input NPC characterization and organoid health. A Schematic of the experimental approach (created with Biorender). B Immunofluorescent staining (left) and western blot (right, uncropped blots are shown in Additional file 1: Fig. S3) of input NPCs with Sox2 (i.), DCX (ii.), and NFL (iii.). Scale bar = 100 µm. C GFP fluorescence of live organoids with and without NPCs at 184 dpi (94 days post-seeding). Scale bar = 1000 µm for both magnifications. D Prestoblue viability assay and E media LDH analysis of representative organoids. Prestoblue measurements were taken at various time points throughout infection (n = 4 at 0–108 dpi, n = 12 at 182dpi), and LDH measurements are 182dpi (n = 12). Each dot represents an individual organoid with shaded bars showing the mean and error bars showing the SD. Statistics were performed at each dpi using Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s correction for multiple comparisons. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, NS = Not significant