Fig. 5

Human cytokine expression profiles in human MSC transplant sites in mice. Comparisons of subcutaneously transplanted human mesenchymal stem cell sheets and cell suspensions cord (ET or TR), all derived from human umbilical sources. Secreted cytokine levels in the subcutaneous human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheet transplant site are examined using ELISA. Levels of VEGF, HGF, TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-6 were measured. The subcutaneous region of sham-treated ICR mice was used as a negative control. (n = 3) * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.